Jan 21 Thomas Reynolds b.1564 d. 1642 plus litany of English Martyrs

Thom and Jack,
Good morning, I love you

101210, 0214. Friday morning. Second week of Advent. The purple is a give away. It’s a penitential season. Isaiah and John the Baptist are the men of the season. Yesterday, the Church dropped Juan Diego into the mix. Sunday is the feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe. [as Guadate Sunday our Patroness of the Americas gets moved a day either way.] but I digress.

Penance in the weeks before Christmas? If you’re cleaning house in anticipation of Holiday Company, you’ve got the metaphor of our commercialized season. Make ready: for the Lord, too, is coming. We celebrate His first coming; we anticipate His second coming [any time now, you never know when the thief will strike in the night.]; and, mystery of mystery, He’s here, among us, in Eucharist in us, one with us.

Penance and prayer. In addition to these saint prayers. In addition to the [almost] daily outreach to you. [more of a holding my arms open, outstretched, standing on the knoll, looking down the road, waiting for you.] a Friday abstinence. [We used to do meatless Fridays all the time. The rules changed. The practice changed – see how helpful rules can be! Giving up the Friday bacon or the steak dinner apparently is a big deal. It seemed so inconsequential when everyone was supposed to be doing it. Now try it yourself without the support of knowing the entire community of Catholics is with you on this.]

A fast? For advent? For me? For penance? For my own sins. As my pitching in to make up for the sins of others? [I don’t have that kind of chutzpah. I need them to make up for mine. I’m sure that net penance-sin is negative.] Read the John the Baptist entries in the gospels. From leaping in his mother’s womb at the presence of Jesus across the room in Mary’s womb to his last day standing before Herod, praying in his cell, giving up his head – talk about losing your head over Jesus!

Prayer? For advent? That’s easy. My Monica prayer. Patient expectation. Pray as if everything depends on God [act as if everything depends on me. Well, don’t depend on me so much as God.] We had the feast of St Ambrose a couple of days ago. I guess it takes a mega soul like him to hook an Augustine. Who is your Ambrose?

Yesterday felt like a good day. I started work at a quiet six fifteen. I was in the zone when it was time to head to Mass. I parked in my classroom at St Paul’s to work on a project. I knocked it off in plenty of time to not have to hurry to the fax machine – some people refuse to accept email; go figure.

We have a statue of Mary at the entrance to St Paul’s administration building. Someone has put a rosary around her praying neck. Not in her folded hands, around her neck. I asked one of the parish’s muckymucks if we had done that or had someone taken it upon themselves to adorn the Madonna disrespectfully? She told me that she thinks that the rosary has been there a long time and, when they take it off, someone puts another one around her neck. I guess the staff have given up.

We all agree that to do that is disrespectful. The rosary is a blessed object. The statue is a memorial to our precious Mother. Why doesn’t whoever’s doing this, get it? How do we teach our children not to wear the rosary around their neck when we allow this disrespect to persist? What we are ‘giving up’ is the high ground, the pulpit, the message that no matter how often you spit in my face, I’m going to wipe it off and hug you – but I am going to wipe off the spittle. Not my fight. Just disappointed that we give up so easily.

The apartment is a mess. Boxes strewn everywhere. [Does strewn include everywhere?] Books and papers on every horizontal surface needing a better place to be. Symbol? Reminiscent of my mother’s place when she died. But there’s a purpose, I’m just not particularly purposeful. Labeling boxes so you can find stuff. Selecting Christmas gifts that won’t overload the UPS truck. If you have wall space, there’s a picture here that’ll fit right in.

I read Bishop Sheen last night. A 1953 book of his Sunday lessons. His Chapter on Character Building is worth your time. Anything he’s written is worth your time if only to give you a flavor of what we were watching most Sundays on the tiny black and white [that’s redundant, in the early fifties, tv was black and white, color wasn’t anything we looked for. Like Ford’s first cars, any color you want, as long as it’s black.] tv.

This Sunday our faith formation class will be part of the procession for the 1030 Mass. We’ll be the ones carrying then lighting the candles. Most of the students will be in town and participating. Plus sibs! We have one student who, after his mother said he’d participate, surprised her and said no, he did not want to do it. She thought he’d enjoy doing it. I know she’s right. And I know the idea of participating, of ‘fitting in’, being a part, scares the shit outta him. I empathize 100%. With the fear; plus with the horror he has that his mother does not really get him.

I don’t know if I’ll be able to ease him into the group to give him a rewarding experience at eight years old of leading, literally, the entire congregation. I don’t know how I can help him assimilate with the class, accommodate his fears with the potential friendship his peers offer him. To be so afraid of rejection and hurt – with the justification that it’s happened already a gazillion times in his mind and maybe only a half gazillion times in reality – prevents him, so far, of discovering that the occasional friendship trumps any disappointment along the way.

I was in graduate school before I learned one of the most important lessons of little league. A .300 hitter is a star! And a star makes an out seven out of every ten times at bat! A one in four success rate is outstanding but to get through the three to experience the fourth is excruciating.


January 21

Thomas Reynolds b. 1564 d. 1642

An English name. A seventeenth century death date. You know the lesson if not the story of Thomas Reynolds’ sainthood. Our friends the English did us a favor {?} by creating so many martyrs!

An man with a priestly vocation in sixteenth century England had to leave home and country to answer God’s call. I’m sure the documents accompanying his canonization gives us all the details of his life. The bioblurb online starts with his exiling himself to go to the seminary.

But, go back. The boy, born Thomas Green, hears God’s call. He also hears the wails at the gallows of men hung, drawn, and quartered for being priests. Sure, every kid wants to grow up to be disemboweled while swinging by the neck on the gallows. His parents must have observed his holiness, his piety, his inclinations to be a priest in this place that murdered priests as political repression. He must have told a few of his closest friends. What, are you nuts?! Or his mother’s pleading, you can’t leave me! The forces of evil rise up against every vocation – and the evil one does it through our most loving people.

Thomas Reynolds left England to study at Rheims, then Valladolid and Seville. He was ordained in 1592: at 28 years old. That means he must have left home and country when he was, say, 23, or maybe 21. Are you prepared to hear God’s call? Whatever the vocation. However you are suppose to live your Catholic life? With that call, as Thomas Reynolds teaches you, comes the grace for the strength to leave home to do what God wants you to do. The fortitude to leave city, county, country even to follow the will of the One calling you back to him. To do right, to live good, may require you to get under an other roof.

Thomas Reynolds did not go to France and Spain to leave home. No doubt his intention was to return and serve. To bring to the Catholics in his family, community, country, the Good News and the Catholic Church. To bring to those he loved, of whatever disposition to their faith and their succumbing to the pressures of peers and the Crown, to bring to them the One True Church.

Thomas Reynolds returned to England. In 1606 he was exiled. Those he loved, those he wished to only serve by doing right and good, rejected him, ostracized him, expelled him. That’s the price we pay sometimes when we choose what is right. Blessed are those persecuted because of Me (me?).

Thomas Reynolds gave 14 hard years, continuously under threat of death. He was 42. France needed good priests too. Let’s be sensible here. You did your part. You’ve earned a break. Thomas Reynolds returned to England and labored for our faith until his arrest.

Our English brethren put Thomas Reynolds in prison in 1628. He was 66 years old. Take a trip to England and walk through the castle/prison cellars. That’ll give you only the slightest hint at how horrible the conditions were for any guest of the Crown.

The English kept Thomas Reynolds in prison for 14 more years. Who knows, maybe they forgot him? Maybe he had a friend in the right place (for a while). Maybe the goaler believed he could turn him. Maybe God figured he’d give the prisoners a priest for their holy souls while they lived out their (un)just punishments.

At Tyburn, along with Blessed Alban Bartholomew, Thomas Reynolds was hanged, drawn, and quartered for being a Catholic priest. Ora pro nobis!

I love you,
Dad

P.S.

When I scooped up Thomas Reynolds, I figured the addendum of Catholic Encyclopedia’s entry on the English Martyrs was a worthy exercise. At 0334 it’s daunting. Still, I plough on.

The English Confessors and Martyrs (1534-1729)

The English people didn’t much resist the Reformation. Of course, to do so would have been treasonous. Freedom in a monarchy is a deception. Not even freedom of religion or freedom of conscience.

The big ticket items for the “Reformation” were the supremacy of the Pope in all religious matters [a true separation of Church and State] and the unity of the Catholic Church – One Holy Catholic Apostolic: One [True] Church.

Catholics who remained faithful risked their lives if not only their livelihood. They educated their children in Catholic schools and colleges and seminaries. I do not understand how it is any Catholic would raise his children in a secular, anti Catholic school. But, hey, that’s me.

England’s tyranny against Catholicism was insidious. Not unlike the incrementalization of anti religious and anti Catholic “rules” promulgated in our secular schools. Write a paper on ethics but do not mention religion? What’s THAT about? Is it not anti-religious, if not also anti-Catholic, for our ‘parliament’ to continue to pass laws on the specious plea of political and national necessity [our freedoms and rights are at stake], laws which, e.g, permits and by other legislation, rewards the killing of embryos, fetuses – the people we have created with God but say it is our right to kill if we please.

The beatification of the English Martyrs is important for, of course, the English. The cause of these people is also important for all missionary countries – remember, we live in a missionary diocese!

At first, in 1888, fifty-four were beatified; in 1895, eight more were added. The lists drawn up by Bishops Smith and Challoner led to the "admission of the cause" of two hundred and forty-one martyrs: Venerables.

We now know immeasurably more of the persecution and its victims than before the cause began. In short, over 230 additional sufferers seem possibly worthy of being declared martyrs.

The collection comprised nearly 500 scripta, and over 2000 pages. It was not completed till 17 June, 1904. A decree was drawn up and confirmed by the Pope on 2 March, 1906.


just the John, Thomas, William, Kenneth, SJs

Beati –

Under King Henry VIII
• Cardinal: John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, 22 June, 1535.
• Lord Chancellor: Sir Thomas More, 6 July, 1535.
• Carthusians: John Houghton, 4 May, 1535; William Exmew 19 June, 1535; John Rochester, 11 May, 1537; Thomas Johnson, William Greenwood, John Davye, Thomas Green, Thomas Scryven, Thomas Redyng, June-September, 1537.
• Benedictines:Thomas Marshall (or John Beche), 1 December, 1539; John Thorne, William Eynon, John Rugg, 15 Nov., 1539.
• Doctors of Divinity: Thomas Abel, 30 July, 1540.
• Other secular priests: John Haile, 4 May 1535; John Larke, 7 March, 1544.
• Other religious orders: John Forrest, O.S.F., 22 May, 1538.
Under Queen Elizabeth
• Martyrs connected with the Excommunication: John Felton, 8 Aug., 1570; Thomas Plumtree p., 4 Jan., 1571; John Storey, D.C.L., 1 June, 1571; Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, 22 Aug., 1572; Thomas Woodhouse p., 13 June, 1573.
• First martyrs from the seminaries:John Nelson p., and S.J. before death, 3 Feb., 1578; Thomas Nelson, church student, 7 Feb., 1578;
• Martyrs of the Catholic Revival: Edmund Campion, S.J., English College, Rome, Alexander Briant p., and S.J. before death, 1 Dec., 1581; John Payne p., 2 April, 1582; Thomas Ford p., John Shert p., 28 May, 1582; William Filby p., Thomas Cottom p., and S.J. before death, 30 May, 1582.
• York martyrs: William Lacey p., 22 Aug., 1582; William Hart p., 15 March, 1583;

Venerables

Though, they all died heroically, their lives were so retired and obscure that there is generally but little known about them. It may, however, be remarked that, being educated in most cases in the same seminaries, engaged in the same work, and suffering under the same procedures and laws the details which we know about some of the more notable martyrs are generally also true for the more obscure.

Under King Henry VIII (12)
• 1537-38: Thomas Belchiam, Thomas Cort, Franciscans, thrown into prison for preaching against the king's supremacy. And died of ill treatment.
• 1539: John Griffith p. (generally known as Griffith Clarke), Vicar of Wandsworth, for supporting the papal legate, Cardinal Pole, drawn and quartered, (8 July) at St. Thomas Waterings; Sir Thomas Dingley, Knight of St. John, beheaded, 10 July, John Travers, Irish Augustinian, who had written against the supremacy; before execution his hand was cut off and burnt, but the writing fingers were not consumed, 30 July.
• 1540-1544 John Ireland p., once a chaplain to More, condemned and executed with Bl. John Larke, 1544; Thomas Ashby l., 29 March, 1544.
Under Queen Elizabeth
• 1583: John Slade l., 30 Oct., Winchester, with John Bodley l., 2 Nov., Andover.
• 1584: William Carter l., 11 Jan., Tyburn; Thomas Hemerford p., John Nutter p., John Munden p., 12 Feb., Tyburn; John Finch l., 20 April, Lancaster; Richard White l., 17 Oct., Wrexham.
• 1585: Thomas Alfield p., with Thomas Webley l., 6 July, Tyburn; Hugh Taylor p., with Marmaduke Bowes l., 26 Nov., York. From this time onwards almost all the priests suffered under law of 27 Elizabeth, merely for their priestly character.
• 1586: Edward Stransham p., with Nicholas Woodfen p., 21 Jan., Tyburn; Margaret Clitherow l., 25 March, York; Richard Sergeant p., with William Thompson p., 20 April, Tyburn; Robert Anderton p., with William Marsden p., 25 April, Isle of Wight; Francis Ingleby p., 3 June, York; John Finglow p., 8 Aug., York; John Sandys p., 11 Aug., Gloucester; John Adams p., with John Lowe p., 8 Oct., Tyburn, and Richard Dibdale p., 8 Oct; Tyburn; Robert Bickerdike p., 8 Oct., York; Richard Langley l., 1 Dec., York.
• 1587: Thomas Pilchard p., 21 March, Dorchester.
• 1588: William Gunter p., Theatre, Southwark; Thomas Holford p., Clerkenwell; William Dean p., Mile End Green; Thomas Felton, O.S.F., Hounslow. These eight were condemned together and suffered on the same day, 28 Aug. John Roche l., condemned with the last, and all suffered 30 Aug., Tyburn. William Way p., 23 Sept., Kingston-on-Thames; Edward Campion p., 1 Oct., Canterbury;John Robertson p., 1 Oct., Ipswich; William Hartley p., Theatre, Southwark, with John Weldon (vere Hewett) p., Mile End Green, 5 Oct., Halloway; William Lampley l., Gloucester, day uncertain.
• 1589: John Amias p., 16 March, York; Thomas Belson l. 5 July, Oxford; William Spenser p. 24 Sept., York.
• 1590: John Hogg p. 27 May, Durham.
• 1591: Thomas Watkinson l., 31 May, York;William Pikes l., day not known, Dorchester; John Masson l., 10 Dec., Tyburn.
• 1592: William Patenson p., 22 Jan., Tyburn; Thomas Pormort p., 20 Feb., St. Paul's Churchyard, London.
• 1593: William Davies p., 21 July, Beaumaris.
• 1594: John Speed l., condemned for receiving a priest, 4 Feb., Durham; William Harrington p., 18 Feb., Tyburn; John Cornelius, S.J., with Thomas Bosgrave l., John Carey l., 4 July, Dorchester; John Boste p., Durham, with John Ingram p., Newcastle-on-Tyne, they suffered 24, 25, and 26 July, Darlington.
• 1595: Robert Southwell p., S.J., 21 Feb., Tyburn; Henry Walpole p., S.J., 7 April, York; William Freeman p., 13 Aug.,
• 1596: William Knight l., William Gibson l., 29 Nov., York.
• 1597: William Andleby p., with Thomas Warcop l., 4 July, York.
• 1598: John Britton l., 1 April, York; John Buckley O.S.F., 12 July, St. Thomas Waterings; 19 Aug..
• 1599: John Lion, l., 16 July, Oakham;
• 1600: John Rigby l., 21 June, St. Thomas Waterings; Thomas Sprott p., with Thomas Hunt p., 11 July, Lincoln; Thomas Palasor p., with John Norton l., and John Talbot l., 9 Aug., Durham.
• 1601: John Pibush p., 18 Feb., St. Thomas Waterings; Roger Filcock, S.J., 27 Feb., Tyburn; Thomas Hackshot l., 24 Aug., Tyburn;
• 1602: Thomas Tichborne p.,Francis Page, S.J., 20 April, Tyburn.
• 1603: William Richardson p., 17 Feb., Tyburn.
Under James I and Charles
1604: John Sugar p.,16 July, Warwick; Thomas Welborne l., with John Fulthering l., 1 Aug., York; William Brown l., 5 Sept., Ripon; 1606: Martyrs at the time of the Powder Plot: Nicholas Owen, S.J., day unknown, Tower; Edward Oldcorne, S.J., with Robert Ashley, S.J., 7 April, Worcester. From this time to the end of the reign the martyrs might have saved their lives had they taken the condemned oath of allegiance. 1607:Thomas Garnet, S.J., 23 June, Tyburn. 1610: Thomas Somers p., 10 Dec., Tyburn; John Roberts, O.S.B., 10 Dec., Tyburn; 1612: William Scot, O.S.B., 30 May, Tyburn; John Almond p., 5 Dec., Tyburn; 1616: Thomas Atkinson p., 11 March, York; John Thouless p., 18 March, Lancaster; Thomas Maxfield p., 1 July, Tyburn; Thomas Tunstall p., 13 July, Norwich; 1618: William Southerne p., 30 April, Newcastle-under-Lyne. 1628: Edmund Arrowsmith, S.J., 20 Aug., Lancaster.
Commonwealth
All these suffered before the death of Oliver Cromwell.— 1641: William Ward p., 26 July, Tyburn;Thomas Reynolds p., 21 January, Tyburn; John Lockwood p., , 13 April, York; Thomas Holland, S.J., 12 Dec., Tyburn. 1643:Brian Cansfield, S.J., 3 Aug., York Castle; John Duckett p., with Ralph Corbin, S.J., 7 Sept., Tyburn; 1645: Henry Morse, S.J., 1 Feb., Tyburn; John Goodman p., 8 April, Newgate; 1646:John Woodcock, O.S.F., Thomas Whitaker p., 7 Aug., Lancaster. 1651: Peter Wright, S.J., 19 May, Tyburn. 1654: John Southworth p., 28 June, Tyburn.
The Oates Plot
1678: Eward Mico, S.J., 3 Dec., in Newgate; Thomas Beddingfeld, 21 Dec., in Gatehouse Prison; 1679: William Ireland, S.J., with John Grove l., 24 Jan, Tyburn; Thomas Pickering O.S.B. 9, May, Tyburn; Thomas Whitbread S.J., with William Harcourt, S.J., John Fenwick, S.J., John Gavin or Green S.J., and Anthony Turner, S.J., 20 June, Tyburn; Francis Nevil, S.J., Feb., in Stafford Gaol; 14 July, Tyburn; William Plessington p., 19 July, Chester; Philip Evans, S.J., 22 July, with John Lloyd p., 22 July, Cardiff; 7 Aug., York; John Wall, O.S.F., 29 Aug., Worcester;John Kemble p., 22 Aug., Hereford; David Lewis, S.J., 27 Aug., Usk. 1680: Thomas Thwing p., 23 Oct., York; William Howard, 29 Dec., Tower Hill. The cause of Irish martyr Oliver Plunkett, 1 July, Tower hill, was commenced with the above martyrs. The cause of his beatification is now being actively proceeded with by the Cardinal Archbishop of Armagh.

[0423. My eyes are burning and my tush is sore. And there are 242 to screen through to find the plethora of John, Thomas, William, Kenneth, and SJs. We have a ritual at ground zero NYC to read the names of those killed on 9/11. It would be worth our while to once in a while to read off the names of the English Martyrs, to remember, to never forget, to inspire. A litany of saints! Any litany, another form of prayer. I still remember the Litany of the Holy Name – Blessed be God, ….]


The prætermissi (242)
Martyrs on the scaffold
1534: Elizabeth Barton (The Holy Maid of Kent), with five companions: John Dering, O.S.B., Edward Bocking, O.S.B., Hugh Rich, O.S.F., Richard Masters p., Henry Gold p., 1537. Monks, 28.
After the pilgrimage of grace and the rising of Lincolnshire many, probably several hundred, were executed, of whom no record remains. The following names, which do survive, are grouped under their respective abbeys or priories.
• Barlings: Matthew Mackerel, abbot and Bishop of Chalcedon, Ord. Præm.
• Bardney: John Tenent, William Cole, John Francis, William Cowper, Richard Laynton, Hugh Londale, monks.
• Bridlington: William Wood, Prior.
• Fountains: William Thyrsk, O. Cist.
• Guisborough: James Cockerel, Prior.
• Jervaulx: Adam Sedbar, Abbot; George Asleby, monk.
• Kirkstead: Richard Harrison, Abbot; Richard Wade, William Swale, Henry Jenkinson, monks.
• Lenten: Nicholas Heath, Prior; William Gylham, monk.
• Sawlet: William Trafford, Abbot; Richard Eastgate, monk.
• Whalley: John Paslew, Abbot; John Eastgate, William Haydock, monks.
• Woburn: Robert Hobbes, Abbot; Ralph Barnes, sub-prior; Laurence Blonham, monk.
• York: John Pickering, O.S.D., Prior.
• Place unknown: George ab Alba Rose, O.S.A.
• Priests: William Burraby, Thomas Kendale, John Henmarsh, James Mallet, John Pickering, Thomas Redforth.
• Lords: Darcy and Hussey.
• Knights: Francis Bigod, Stephen Hammerton, Thomas Percy.
• Laymen (11): Robert Aske, Robert Constable, Bernard Fletcher, George Hudswell, Robert Lecche, Roger Neeve, George Lomley, Thomas Moyne, Robert Sotheby, Nicholas Tempest, Philip Trotter.
1538 (7): Henry Courtney, the Marquess of Exeter; Henry Pole, Lord Montague; Sir Edward Nevell and Sir Nicholas Carew; George Croft p., and John Collins p.; Hugh Holland l. Their cause was "adhering to the Pope, and his Legate, Cardinal Pole". 1540 (6): Lawrence Cook O. Carm., Prior of Doncaster; Thomas Empson, O.S.B.; Robert Bird p.; William Peterson p.; William Richardson p.; Giles Heron l. 1544 (3): Martin de Courdres, O.S.A., and Paul of St. William, O.S.A.; Darby Genning l. 1569, 1570 (8): Thomas Bishop, Simon Digby, John Fulthrope, John Hall, Christopher Norton, Thomas Norton, Robert Pennyman, Oswald Wilkinson, laymen, who suffered, like Blessed Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, on the occasion of the Northern Rising. Various Years (6): Thomas Gabyt, O. Cist., 1575; William Hambleton p., 1585; Roger Martin p., 1592; Christopher Dixon, O.S.A., 1616; James Laburne, 1583; Edward Arden, 1584.
Martyrs in chains
Bishops (2): Richard Creagh, Archbishop of Armagh, in Tower of London; Thomas Watson, Bishop of Lincoln, in Wisbeach Castle.
Priests in London Prisons (18): Austin Abbott, Richard Adams, Thomas Belser, John Boxall, D.D., James Brushford, Edmund Cannon, William Chedsey, D.D., Henry Cole, D.D., Anthony Draycott, D.D., Andrew Fryer, — Gretus, Richard Hatton, Nicholas Harpsfield, — Harrison, Francis Quashet, Thomas Slythurst, William Wood, John Young, D.D.
Laymen in London Prisons (35): Alexander Bales, Richard Bolbet, Sandra Cubley, Thomas Cosen, Mrs. Cosen, Hugh Dutton, Edward Ellis, Gabriel Empringham, John Fitzherbert, Sir Thomas Fitzherbert, John Fryer, Anthony Fugatio (Portuguese), — Glynne, David Gwynne, John Hammond (alias Jackson). Richard Hart, Robert Holland, John Lander, Anne Lander, Peter Lawson, Widow Lingon, Phillipe Lowe, — May, John Molineaux, Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, Richard Reynolds, Edmund Sexton, Robert Shelly, Thomas Sommerset, Francis Spencer, John Thomas, Peter Tichborne, William Travers, Sir Edward Waldegrave, Richard Weston.
Priests in York (12): John Ackridge, William Baldwin, William Bannersly, Thomas Bedal, Richard Bowes, Henry Comberford, James Gerard, Nicholas Grene, Thomas Harwood, John Pearson, Thomas Ridall, James Swarbrick.
Laymen in York (31): Anthony Ash, Thomas Blinkensop, Stephen Branton, Lucy Budge, John Chalmer, Isabel Chalmer, John Constable, Ralph Cowling, John Eldersha, Isabel Foster, — Foster, Agnes Fuister, Thomas Horsley, Stephen Hemsworth, Mary Hutton, Agnes Johnson, Thomas Layne, Thomas Luke, Alice Oldcorne, — Reynold, — Robinson, John Stable, Mrs. Margaret Stable, Geoffrey Stephenson, Thomas Vavasour, Mrs. Dorothy Vavasour, Margaret Webster, Frances Webster, Christopher Watson, Hercules Welborn, Alice Williamson.
In Various Prisons: Benedictines (11): James Brown, Richard Coppinger, Robert Edmonds, John Feckinham, Lawrence Mabbs, William Middleton, Placid Peto, Thomas Preston, Boniface Wilford, Thomas Rede, Sister Isabel Whitehead. Brigittine: Thomas Brownel (lay brother). Cistercians (2): John Almond, Thomas Mudde. Dominican: David Joseph Kemys. Franciscans: Thomas Ackridge, Paul Atkinson (the last of the confessors in chains, died in Hurst Castle, after thirty years' imprisonment, 15 Oct., 1729), Laurence Collier, Walter Coleman, Germane Holmes. Jesuits (12): Matthew Brazier (alias Grimes), Humphrey Browne, Thomas Foster, William Harcourt, John Hudd, Cuthbert Prescott, Ignatius Price, Charles Pritchard, Francis Simeon, Nicholas Tempest, John Thompson, Charles Thursley. Priests (4): William Baldwin, James Gerard, John Pearson, James Swarbick. Laymen (22): Thurstam Arrowsmith, Humphrey Beresford, William Bredstock, James Clayton, William Deeg, Ursula Foster, — Green, William Griffith, William Heath, Richard Hocknell, John Jessop, Richard Kitchin, William Knowles, Thomas Lynch, William Maxfield, — Morecock, Alice Paulin, Edmund Rookwood, Richard Spencer, — Tremaine, Edmund Vyse, Jane Vyse.
The eleven bishops
Since the process of the Prætermissi has been held, strong reasons have been shown for including on our list of sufferers, whose causes ought to be considered, the eleven bishops whom Queen Elizabeth deprived and left to die in prison, as Bonner, or under some form of confinement. Their names are: Cuthbert Turnstall, b. Durham, died 18 Nov. 1559; Ralph Bayle b. Lichfield, d. 18 Nov., 1559; Owen Ogle Thorpe, b. Carlisle, d. 31 Dec., 1559; John White, b. Winchester, d. 12 Jan., 1560; Richard Pate, b. Worcester, d. 23 Nov., 1565; David Poole, b. Peterborough, d. May, 1568; Edward Bonner, b. London, d. 5 Sept., 1569; Gilbert Bourne, b. Bath and Wells, d. 10 Sept., 1569; Thomas Thurlby, b. Ely, d. 26 Aug., 1570; James Thurberville, b. Exeter, d. 1 Nov., 1570; Nicholas Heath, Archbishop of York, d. Dec. 1578.